Over the course of the mid- to late-19th century, the number of time zones was slowly whittled down as the country moved toward the current system. Synchronizing relative time across cities might have inspired Einstein's thought experiments, but it was a poor way to run a railroad. Meanwhile, it was 11:10 in Chicago, 10:59 in St. Take this time and distance indicator from 1862: when it was noon in Philadelphia, it was 12:04 in New York, 12:06 in Albany, 12:16 in Boston, and 11:54 in Baltimore. This meant that time changed in gradients, a complex system captured in gorgeous time tables from the era. noon was when the sun was highest in the sky. in the 1870s there were hundreds of time zones, because localities tended to run on mean solar time, i.e. The patent office in Bern, Switzerland, where Einstein worked, was a clearinghouse for patents on the synchronization of clocks. In the last part of the 19th century, the coordination of clocks and the standardization of time had engaged the passions of nations, business leaders, astronomers and philosophers. Galison relates, before the advent of factories began to standardize life, and railroad systems with crisscrossing tracks made it imperative to know which train was where and when, there were too many times, one for every village. "It's in as plain sight as it could possibly be," he said.Īs Dr. And one clue to the origin of relativity can be found in something as mundane and practical as a 19th-century train schedule. Peter Galison, 48-a Harvard professor of the history of science and of physics, a pilot, art lover and nascent filmmaker-is right, physics and Einstein have flourished more in their connections to the world than in any ivory tower aloofness. In fact, there's a historical argument that the challenges of scheduling trains inspired Albert Einstein's development of the general theory of relativity:Įinstein's relativity has long been regarded by scholars as a monument to the power of abstract thought. Chicago was and still is the biggest railroad town in the country, and the railroads were, in both the United States and Europe, the catalyst for the creation of time zones. What only glancingly made it into the article was something else I learned: America was divided into its (mostly accepted) time zones in Chicago. I learned a lot from it, including how complex and contentious they still are (Maine and Massachusetts have been considering getting out of daylight saving time and moving to the Atlantic time zone, and they have a compelling argument), and how daylight saving time emerged from one postman's entomology hobby. All rights reserved.Yesterday I published a freelance piece on the ins and outs of time zones. For more information about NFL Flexible Scheduling, please visit. Specific dates, start times, and networks for Week 18 matchups will be determined and announced following the conclusion of Week 17. In Week 18, two games will be played on Saturday (4:30 PM ET and 8:15 PM ET) with the remainder to be played on Sunday afternoon (1:00 PM ET and 4:25 PM ET) and one matchup to be played on Sunday night (8:20 PM ET). As in prior seasons, for Week 18, the final weekend of the season, the scheduling of the Saturday, Sunday afternoon, and the Sunday night games is not assigned. Sunday afternoon games may also be moved between 1:00 p.m. Only Sunday afternoon games (or those listed as TBD) are eligible to be moved to Sunday night or Monday night, in which case the initially scheduled Sunday/Monday night game would be moved to Sunday afternoon. During the Flex Scheduling Windows, the games initially scheduled for Sunday Night Football (on NBC) and Monday Night Football (on ESPN or ABC) are tentatively scheduled and subject to change. This season, "flexible scheduling" for Sunday Night Football may be used up to twice between Weeks 5-10, and in the NFL's discretion during Weeks 11-17 and for Monday Night Football in the NFL's discretion in Weeks 12-17. Single-game tickets for the 2023 season are now on sale via Ticketmaster.
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